-
Walls cannot wear &
maintain normal shape/length
- unnatural stresses on hoof as walls get too long
- incorrect trim cannot be worn away
-
Vibration (800 Hz)
- destroys hoof wall and tissue
- causes structural abnormalities in laminar corium, leading to
compromised coffin bone suspension
- causes irritation of ligament & tendon attachments to periosteum
of bones & joint cartilage
-
Hoof mechanism is impaired
- reduced shock absorption with fixation of the wall
- impact travels up leg & stresses joints, etc.
- ossifications
- coffin bone impacts sole which cannot draw flat
- circulation in the hoof is reduced
- heart is overstressed (without support from hooves)
- poor cell nutrition & reduced temperature
- reduced cell metabolism
- reduced horn quality and quantity
- excessive waste metabolic protein unused in hoof production remains
in bloodstream
- overstressing of kidneys, liver, skin
-
Physical trauma (bruising,
etc.) to hoof tissues
-
Weight causes unnatural
strains on joints & ligaments through centrifugal effects
-
Traction compromised:
too little on smooth, slick terrain, too much on softer ground
-
Deformation & contraction
of the hoof
- heel pain or navicular syndrome
- thrush
- skeletal & muscular stresses, conformational changes
-
Negative effects of
nails
- physical damage to wall (holes)
- dehydration of white line horn
- vibrations affecting horn & corium
- insulation breached (metal conducts cold into foot, decreasing
corium temperature and cell metabolism)
-
Danger & severity
of injury increased
- to the horse itself (caught in wire, interference, etc.)
- to people
- to other horses
-
Damage to properties,
trails, etc. increased dramatically
-
Prevents proper development
of young horses foot & coffin bone (especially palmar
processes)
-
Orthopedic possibilities
do not exist (circulation is reduced, while healing requires increased
circulation)
- Incorrect
shoeing increases rate & severity of damage